Marbella Oroville Blog

What Are Protective Factors for Senior Health and Wellness?

Written by Marbella Oroville | Sep 15, 2025 4:00:00 AM

According to the WHO, between 2015 and 2050, the proportion of the world's population over 60 will nearly double from 12% to 22%. Because of this, the UN declared 2021-2030 the UN Decade of Healthy Ageing.

Healthy aging doesn't just mean that you focus on living for as long as you can. After all, you want quality over quantity, so you should be honing in on the factors that improve your quality of life.

These things actually have a name: protective factors.

What are protective factors, and how can they help seniors in Oroville, CA? Keep reading to find out.

What Are Protective Factors?

Protective factors are the conditions, habits, and supports that reduce health risks and build resilience in older adults. They're unlike risk factors, which increase the likelihood of illness, injury, or decline. In fact, protective factors do the opposite; they serve as buffers, helping seniors maintain their independence, safety, and emotional well-being, even when challenges arise.

Protective factors work in three main ways:

  • Promoting safety
  • Supporting health
  • Strengthening emotional well-being

The more protective factors older adults have in place, the greater the overall benefit to their long-term wellness.

Now that you know what they are, let's go over protective factors that help seniors thrive.

Social Connections and Supportive Relationships

Social connection for seniors is of the utmost importance since they're prone to loneliness and isolation. In fact, Michigan Medicine says that 33% of older adults experience both things, so it's a major problem.

Strong and regular social connections can help:

  • Buffer stress
  • Lower risk of depression
  • Lower risk of cognitive decline
  • Improve physical health
  • Contribute to a longer lifespan

Not only can companionship encourage healthy behaviors, but it also gives a safety net for emergencies.

Regular Physical Activity and Mobility Maintenance

Some of the best healthy aging strategies involve regular physical activity, and for good reason. Exercise can preserve:

  • Muscle mass
  • Bone strength
  • Cardiovascular health

It can also improve mood and sleep, as well as lower the risk of many chronic diseases. And more importantly, it can lower your fall risk.

You don't have to go crazy with physical activity either. Aim for activities that are tailored to your ability; the goal is 150 minutes per week of moderate activity.

Group classes can be great for motivation if you're finding it difficult. Not only will you and your classmates hold one another accountable, but you'll also make new friends and enjoy the social aspect of things.

Balanced Nutrition and Adequate Hydration

According to a study done by Norman et al., published in the National Center for Biotechnology Information, older adults are at a higher risk of malnutrition. They're also more prone to dehydration, as there's a decreased thirst sensation.

The following also make things hard:

  • Appetite changes
  • Dental problems
  • Medication effects

But good nutrition supports immunity, muscle mass, wound healing, mood, and cognitive function. So if you eat a balanced diet and get adequate hydration, you'll see a world of difference, and you'll maintain your strength and resilience.

Here are some practical ways to strengthen your nutrition:

  • Prioritize protein at each meal
  • Keep easy, nutrient-dense snacks and visible water bottles
  • Address dental issues and medication side effects with medical professionals

Safe, Accessible Living Environment

If your home has tripping hazards, poor lighting, slippery bathrooms, and difficult stairs, these can all increase your risk of falls and injury. Luckily, with a few senior safety tips, simple modifications, and assistive devices, you can dramatically reduce those risks.

Conduct a home safety walk-through to find and fix things. You should:

  • Remove loose rugs
  • Clear pathways
  • Install grab bars at toilets and showers
  • Add non-slip mats
  • Improve lighting
  • Secure handrails
  • Consider a medical alert system

Access to Healthcare and Preventive Care

To detect treatable problems early, you need regular primary care, eye, ear, and dental checks. Chronic disease monitoring, screening tests, and age-appropriate vaccines can also help immensely.

If you're having trouble remembering your annual wellness visits, then book them ahead of time and have them make the appointments recurring if possible.

Medication Safety and Chronic-Condition Self-Management

Often, older adults take multiple medications. While they may have a positive effect overall, the medications may raise the risk of adverse drug events and interactions, as well as dizziness and falls.

This makes it important to have regular medication reviews where medical professionals can deprescribe when appropriate to improve safety. Seniors can be proactive by keeping an up-to-date medication list and reviewing it annually with their doctor.

Mental Stimulation, Cognitive Engagement, and Sleep Hygiene

For optimal senior mental health, you need regular mental activity. This can involve:

  • Learning new skills
  • Reading
  • Doing puzzles
  • Taking classes
  • Taking up complex hobbies

Good sleep hygiene is vital too. Good sleep habits support cognitive reserve and emotional well-being. So make sure you do the following:

  • Have a consistent bedtime/wake time
  • Get daylight exposure
  • Limit late naps
  • Review medications that impair sleep
  • Evaluate for sleep disorders

Purposeful Engagement and Meaningful Activities

Emotional well-being for seniors means having a sense of purpose. Not only does this improve your mood, but it can also boost your physical health and longevity.

Suggestions here include:

  • Volunteering
  • Mentoring
  • Doing hobbies
  • Taking up faith roles
  • Doing creative work or part-time work

Make sure you match the tasks to your strengths and energy levels, and set achievable goals. If you find the right activities, then you'll gain structure and a reason to stay active. In addition, it'll reduce isolation and support your emotional well-being.

Focus on These Protective Factors

Now you know the answer to the question, "What are protective factors?" They're a set of things that boost your quality of life and reduce health risks.

If you focus on these factors, then you'll be better able to maintain your independence. As a result, you'll live the best golden years possible.

Are you interested in senior living in Oroville, CA? Then get in touch with us today. Marbella Oroville offers concierge services so our residents don't have to struggle with arranging things themselves. They can handle various tasks, including arranging for transportation, buying concert tickets, sending and receiving packages, and more.